Correlation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism (GG, TT and GT genotype) with proteinuria and retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients

Background: Nephropathy is the most important leading cause of end stage renal failure in type 2 diabetic patients, so numerous studies were done to diagnose and evaluate risk factors of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Some gene polymorphisms may be associated with progression or regression of DN, so the aim of this study was to compare prevalence of eNOS gene polymorphism in diabetic patients with controls and its association with diabetic nephropathy. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 94 type 2 diabetic patients and 94 normal participants were enrolled. Patients without retinopathy were excluded from this study. For all of the patients, fasting blood sugar (FBS), 2 hours post-prandial (BS), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Creatinine (Cr), 24 hours urine protein were measured in the case group. Endothelial nitric oxide synthetase gene polymorphism was evaluated in the case and control groups. Results: There was no significant difference based on age and sex between patients in case and control groups. GG genotype of eNOS was less common in the patient group compared to control group. There was no difference between prevalence of TT, GT or GG genotype based on age and sex. There was no correlation between diabetic retinopathy or proteinuria and genotypes of eNOs. Conclusion: The study showed that in type 2 diabetic patients, NOS gene polymorphism was more common compared to normal population; however, there is no correlation between this gene polymorphism and proteinuria or retinopathy in these patients

Direct Electron Transfer of Hemoglobin on Manganese III Oxide-Ag Nanofibers Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

We investigated the electrochemical behavior of hemoglobin by glassy carbon electrode modified with Mn2O3-Ag nanofibers. The Mn2O3-Ag nanofibers were used as facilitator electron transfer between Hb and glassy-carbon-modified electrode. The Mn2O3-Ag nanofibers are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The hemoglobin showed a quasireversible electrochemical redox behavior with a formal potential of −49 mV (versus Ag/AgCl) in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.0. The designed biosensor possesses good stability and reproducibility and achieves 95% of the steady-state current in less than five seconds

Identifying core competencies in information technology engineering education from the point of view of faculty members and employers

The goal of this study is to identify core competencies in IT engineering education from the point of view of faculty members and employers. The used methodology is descriptive, and the statistical society consists of the faculty members of IT Department of Shiraz Industrial University and employers, who absorb the graduates in IT engineering. In respect to faculty members, the sampling method was as census and in respect to employers, it was a purposeful style. In collecting data, a questionnaire, employed by earlier theories and resources and based on various core dimensions (technical, behavioral and contextual), is used. The validity of the questionnaire is based on data analysis method, and it revealed valid scheme. Also, its reliability was based on Coronbach’s Coefficient Alpha gained 0.89. The review of questions is performed through Chi-square statistical test

The Study of Relationship between the Rate of Use of Media (TV and Internet) and Social Capital among Young Adults in Kermanshah City

Abstract Introduction and aim: The relationship between social variables and social capital to improve the society should be examined increasingly, since in any society social capital can strengthen social relationships and sense of cooperation and increase social trust. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the rate of use of media (TV and Internet) and social capital among young adult. Materials and methods: The outline of this research for data collection is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the research consists of all citizens (aged 20 to 30 years) in Kermanshah city. The sample size was 162 people calculated using Cochran formula and selected by random cluster method. To examine the social capital, Onyx and Bullet's social capital questionnaire was used. The rate of media use and the time spent using television and Internet within a week was also measured. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression methods were used. Findings: The results of the research showed that there is a positive significant relationship between the number of hours of using television and Internet, and social capital and its components, that is, participation in local community, social functionality, the sense of security and trust, interactions with neighbors, interactions with family and friends, tolerance of diversity, and the value of life. Also, the results of regression analysis showed that the use of television and Internet could predict and explain 32.1 percent of changes related to social capital. Conclusion: With an increase rate of use of media (TV and Internet), social capital and its dimensions increase